How does X count characters?
X does not count code points. Characters in a few Unicode ranges (basic Latin, Latin-1, general punctuation and a handful of others) weigh 1; everything else weighs 2, and every emoji weighs 2 even when it is a sequence of several code points joined with zero-width joiners. Every URL X recognises is replaced with a t.co link and counted as 23. Before counting, X normalises the text to NFC, so an accented letter typed as a base letter plus a combining accent is still one character.